Java Python R SQL Excel Compared Similarities For Data Science and Data Analytics – The Basics

If you have ever worked with Java, Python, R, SQL, Excel and other Languages on a varied Data Science or Data Analytics projects, you will realise that all these languages have similar syntaxes, or at least, can achieve the same objective with very similar codes.

Below is a comparison and similarities of these various tools and programmes I put together for quick reference when I realised that there are some similarities between these languages languages and tools are.

Though it is not complete and exhaustive, I believe it will be of help to someone.

If you have any similarities amongst any of these languages, please leave it as a comment in the comment box I will update the table.

I would want this to help all new people who are into Data Science and Data Analytics as I wish I had something similar to this when I first started. Thank you for your contribution.

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Matplotlib Pyplot Plt Python Pandas Data Visualization Plotting

Bydatapandasadmin August 26, 2016October 23, 2016

This is some quick notes about graphing or plotting graphs with Matplotlib in Python. Credits to sentdex. You can check him out on Youtube.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline

# simple syntax is matplotlib plots as plt.plot(x, y)

plt.plot([1,2,3], [5,6,7])

plt.show()

In [4]:

# plotting with variables and basic labelling of our plot

x = [1,2,3]

y = [5,6,7]

##adding a legend to the plot

#add another line vectors first

x2 = [4,6,8]

y2= [10,14,18]

plt.plot(x, y, label='First Line') # you have to give the plots a label before you can call the legends on them

plt.plot(x2, y2, label='Second Line')

plt.xlabel('Plot number')

plt.ylabel('Important var')

plt.title('Plotting\nNice Graph') #\nGives you a sub title

plt.legend() #call the legend

plt.show()

In [10]:

#plotting barcharts and histograms

x3 = [2,4,6,8,10]

y3 = [3,5,7,9,11]

#second set of bars

x4 = [1,3,5,7,9]

y4 = [2,6,6,12,4]

#plot barchart

plt.bar(x3, y3, label='Bar1', color='r')

plt.bar(x4,y4, label='Bar2', color ='c')

plt.xlabel('x3')

plt.ylabel('y3')

plt.title('Bar Chart')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

In [14]:

#plotting histogram.

population_dist = [24,45,5,6,42,65,34,75,75,34,75,7,24,26,87,98,98,67,86, 65,63, 87,98,76,53,35]

#ids = [x for x in range(len(population_dist))] for bar chart plotting

#plot barchart

#plt.bar(ids, population_dist, label='hist')

#histogram works with bins so we will have to create bin 'containers' for our distribution

bins = [10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]

plt.hist(population_dist, bins, histtype='bar', rwidth=0.5)

plt.xlabel('x3')

plt.ylabel('y3')

plt.title('Histogram')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

In [20]:

## scatter plot.

#basic skeletion

x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

y = [4,5,8,3,6,9,5,4,8]

plt.scatter(x,y, label='ScatterShow', color='c', marker='^' , s=60) # s = size of the marker

plt.xlabel('x3')

plt.ylabel('y3')

plt.title('Scatter')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

In [23]:

#stacked plot

days = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sleeping = [6,8,7,3,8]

eating = [6,9,7,3,6]

working = [9,8,5,7,8]

#working around legends for stackplots

plt.plot([],[], color='red', label='eating', linewidth=2)

plt.plot([],[], color='blue', label='sleeping', linewidth=2)

plt.plot([],[], color='yellow', label='working', linewidth=2)

plt.stackplot(days, eating, sleeping, working, color=['red','blue','yellow'])

plt.xlabel('x3')

plt.ylabel('y3')

plt.title('Stacked Plot')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

In [30]:

#pie charts

days = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sleeping = [6,8,7,3,8]

eating = [6,9,7,3,6]

working = [9,8,5,7,8]

slices = [2,4,6,8,1]

colors = ['red','blue','green','brown','pink']

activities = ['sleeping','eating','working','dancing','travelling']

plt.pie(slices, labels=activities, colors=colors, startangle=90, shadow=True, explode=(0,0.1,0,0,0), autopct='%1.1f%%')

Out[30]:

([<matplotlib.patches.Wedge at 0x814e588>,

<matplotlib.patches.Wedge at 0x7fb7080>,

<matplotlib.patches.Wedge at 0x96f9ba8>,

<matplotlib.patches.Wedge at 0x82853c8>,

<matplotlib.patches.Wedge at 0x785a080>],

[<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x82ac4a8>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x96f9438>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x8026390>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x94ac400>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x785ada0>],

[<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x7fb7fd0>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x96f97b8>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x8285f98>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x94aca58>,

<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x65bf860>])

In [48]:

#modifying the matplotlib

#plotting barchart.

x3 = [2,4,6,8,10]

y3 = [3,5,7,9,11]

#second set of bars

x4 = [1,3,5,7,9]

y4 = [2,6,6,12,4]

fig = plt.figure(facecolor='#f0f0f0') #set facecolour or background colour which will be maintained once we save our graph

ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((1,1),(0,0))

#tilt the xlabels

for labels in ax1.xaxis.get_ticklabels():

labels.set_rotation(45)

#plot barchart

ax1.bar(x3, y3, label='Bar1', color='r')

ax1.bar(x4,y4, label='Bar2', color ='c')

ax1.grid(True) #add a grid

plt.xlabel('x3')

plt.ylabel('y3')

plt.title('Bar Chart')

plt.legend()

#customise the legend

leg = ax1.legend(loc=2,ncol=6, prop={'size':10})

leg.get_frame().set_alpha(0.4)

##define spacing around the ticks and labels

plt.subplots_adjust(left = 0.09, bottom=0.20, right=0.94, top= 0.93, wspace = 0.2, hspace = 0)

plt.show()

#lets save the graph

fig.savefig('matplotlib.png', facecolor=fig.get_facecolor())

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